History of Biotechnology in Indonesia
Indonesia has a biotechnology research center in plantation called Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops of Indonesia. It is situated in the city of Bogor rain. This study hall is an old, and was instrumental in the development of biotechnology in Indonesia. Biotechnology in Indonesia itself has actually been scientifically studied since the Dutch colonial period.
In the colonial period, on the island of Java alone stands 6 pieces of research institutes. Two of them are located in Bogor. Post-independence, one of whom later converted into Indonesian Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops. Dutch biotechnology research institute itself was built in 1926.
Biotechnology in Indonesia greatest role in agriculture and plantations. It is associated with a variety of plant breeding activities conducted by experts. Indeed, compared with developed countries, biotechnology in Indonesia is not so developed. But over time, the development and history of biotechnology in the country will continue to progress and are useful in creating a better life.
Minggu, 20 Januari 2013
Sabtu, 19 Januari 2013
The Development of Web Browser
The Development of Web Browser
A web browser is a software program that interprets the coding language of the World Wide Web in the form of graphs, showing the translation rather than coding. This allows everyone to "browse the web" by a simple point and click navigation, bypassing the need to know the commands used in software languages.
The World Wide Web is written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Seen with software other than a Web browser, HTML does not look like a graphic translation. For a peek, right click on any empty space on the web page.
A small pop-up menu will appear. Select the View Page Source in FireFox, or View Source in Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE). Once finished viewing the HTML coding, click the closed window to return to the Web browser window.
The success of the first graphical web browser, Mosaic, written by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina in 1992 and released in 1993. At that time, only the graphics of popular online services offered by the Prodigy, America Online (AOL), and Compuserv.
These companies are closed network available their own content, message boards, email programs, and interface, and does not provide access to the Internet.
Mosaic Web browser was originally opened to the public Internet. It provides a fun way to navigate the World Wide Web and free for personal use. To compete with the appeal of a worldwide network of Internet, closed networks have introduced a pipe to the Internet and provides a graphical Web browsers interpret HTML.
At the time this happened in the mid 1990s, Andreessen has partnered with Jim Clark, founder of Silicon Graphics former, to create a new flagship Web browser called Netscape.
Well, Netscape is a web browser and the option to keep Microsoft from pre-packaging their own Web browser into the Windows operating system. Internet Explorer (IE) is lower than
Netscape in many ways, especially criticized for ongoing security problems, a lot of bugs in it, and the lack of in accordance with standard Web protocols.
While this turned off many online communities, and new computer users who know too little to notice or care. In 1998, Internet Explorer dominates the Web browser market as used everywhere, due in large part to Microsoft's ability to pre-load the latest Windows computer systems.
At the same time, Netscape, later known as Netscape Communicator, released the source code to the public. Web browser to go through massive rewrite over the next few years. It appears as an open source web browser known as Mozilla, under Mozilla Organization, then owned by AOL. In 2003, AOL supervision passed to the newly created Mozilla Foundation, which was renamed the Web browser to Phoenix and then to FireFox.
While the Web browser market Microsoft held unparalleled in size from 1998 to 2003, production increased to more effective IE stopped. On the other hand Mozilla / Phoenix / FireFox a Web browser choice among savvy computer users. Expanded feature set, enhanced functions, improve adherence to standards, and higher security makes it superior in many ways to IE 6.0.
Some people believe that a growing share of the market will lead to FireFox and is once again influenced the development of Windows Internet Explorer (WIE) version 7.0, which will be released in the fall of 2006. Web browser wars began to surface.
Because, FireFox appeal is that it is an open source project in accordance with the standards of the Internet and protocols. It is not only invite competition, but the coding can be checked by anyone, which also benefits the community.
Programmers located all over the world can communicate online, public forum to discuss the gap, the back door, bugs, and other vulnerabilities in Mozilla that regularly provide patch repair in a timely manner.
Microsoft Internet Explorer is free to download from Microsoft.com. Mozilla FireFox Web Browser free from Mozilla.org. Then there Lunascape that combines both. World's increasingly crowded. History of the web browser war now underway in the use of mobile devices such as Android vs iOS.
A web browser is a software program that interprets the coding language of the World Wide Web in the form of graphs, showing the translation rather than coding. This allows everyone to "browse the web" by a simple point and click navigation, bypassing the need to know the commands used in software languages.
The World Wide Web is written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Seen with software other than a Web browser, HTML does not look like a graphic translation. For a peek, right click on any empty space on the web page.
A small pop-up menu will appear. Select the View Page Source in FireFox, or View Source in Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE). Once finished viewing the HTML coding, click the closed window to return to the Web browser window.
The success of the first graphical web browser, Mosaic, written by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina in 1992 and released in 1993. At that time, only the graphics of popular online services offered by the Prodigy, America Online (AOL), and Compuserv.
These companies are closed network available their own content, message boards, email programs, and interface, and does not provide access to the Internet.
Mosaic Web browser was originally opened to the public Internet. It provides a fun way to navigate the World Wide Web and free for personal use. To compete with the appeal of a worldwide network of Internet, closed networks have introduced a pipe to the Internet and provides a graphical Web browsers interpret HTML.
At the time this happened in the mid 1990s, Andreessen has partnered with Jim Clark, founder of Silicon Graphics former, to create a new flagship Web browser called Netscape.
Well, Netscape is a web browser and the option to keep Microsoft from pre-packaging their own Web browser into the Windows operating system. Internet Explorer (IE) is lower than
Netscape in many ways, especially criticized for ongoing security problems, a lot of bugs in it, and the lack of in accordance with standard Web protocols.
While this turned off many online communities, and new computer users who know too little to notice or care. In 1998, Internet Explorer dominates the Web browser market as used everywhere, due in large part to Microsoft's ability to pre-load the latest Windows computer systems.
At the same time, Netscape, later known as Netscape Communicator, released the source code to the public. Web browser to go through massive rewrite over the next few years. It appears as an open source web browser known as Mozilla, under Mozilla Organization, then owned by AOL. In 2003, AOL supervision passed to the newly created Mozilla Foundation, which was renamed the Web browser to Phoenix and then to FireFox.
While the Web browser market Microsoft held unparalleled in size from 1998 to 2003, production increased to more effective IE stopped. On the other hand Mozilla / Phoenix / FireFox a Web browser choice among savvy computer users. Expanded feature set, enhanced functions, improve adherence to standards, and higher security makes it superior in many ways to IE 6.0.
Some people believe that a growing share of the market will lead to FireFox and is once again influenced the development of Windows Internet Explorer (WIE) version 7.0, which will be released in the fall of 2006. Web browser wars began to surface.
Because, FireFox appeal is that it is an open source project in accordance with the standards of the Internet and protocols. It is not only invite competition, but the coding can be checked by anyone, which also benefits the community.
Programmers located all over the world can communicate online, public forum to discuss the gap, the back door, bugs, and other vulnerabilities in Mozilla that regularly provide patch repair in a timely manner.
Microsoft Internet Explorer is free to download from Microsoft.com. Mozilla FireFox Web Browser free from Mozilla.org. Then there Lunascape that combines both. World's increasingly crowded. History of the web browser war now underway in the use of mobile devices such as Android vs iOS.
The Development of Web Technology
The Development of Web Technology
Then with more diverse views and application technologies encourage the development of technology-based desktop web history, both in the form of display technologies (GUI - Graphical User Interface) technology, browser, language used technology to develop web, web platforms and a variety of other web technology. Over time web presence has exploded.
From only numbered in the thousands, up to millions and even billions. Its function is growing, not only as a medium of exchange of information, but it also manifests itself in the form of web-based information system applications.
In the history of the web, web browser is used as a medium for surfing, and the first popular browser used is Internet Explorer. Internet Explorer is used as an application to access the web via a computer. As the development of a variety of currently available web browsers other than Internet Explorer, such as mozilla firefox, google chrome, safari, opera and so on. For a programming language that was originally only there were some language, are now mixed.
One form part of the historical development of the web, web definition born in the late 90's, the so-called Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is defined as a functional web collaborative, informative, with the goal of making the user more closely, one character is marked by the presence of wikis, blogs, social networks.
Starting from the web history is still very simple to use, web access is now not only be used by computers but also reaching out to mobile-based. Neither form of laptops, netbooks, smartphones to mobile phones. With such easy access to the web through a variety of media anywhere, making the web a part of community-wide needs.
Then with more diverse views and application technologies encourage the development of technology-based desktop web history, both in the form of display technologies (GUI - Graphical User Interface) technology, browser, language used technology to develop web, web platforms and a variety of other web technology. Over time web presence has exploded.
From only numbered in the thousands, up to millions and even billions. Its function is growing, not only as a medium of exchange of information, but it also manifests itself in the form of web-based information system applications.
In the history of the web, web browser is used as a medium for surfing, and the first popular browser used is Internet Explorer. Internet Explorer is used as an application to access the web via a computer. As the development of a variety of currently available web browsers other than Internet Explorer, such as mozilla firefox, google chrome, safari, opera and so on. For a programming language that was originally only there were some language, are now mixed.
One form part of the historical development of the web, web definition born in the late 90's, the so-called Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is defined as a functional web collaborative, informative, with the goal of making the user more closely, one character is marked by the presence of wikis, blogs, social networks.
Starting from the web history is still very simple to use, web access is now not only be used by computers but also reaching out to mobile-based. Neither form of laptops, netbooks, smartphones to mobile phones. With such easy access to the web through a variety of media anywhere, making the web a part of community-wide needs.
Web History
Web History
Currently our daily lives can not be separated from the web. Even already become one of the needs that are getting information. Web that was originally alien to be heard and can only be used by users who have specific access, the current web is popular and accessible, not only in cities but also reach corners desa. But Web History begins you know?
Speaking of the history of the web, it will also offend the existence of the Internet. Both are part of interrelated and mutually supportive. Web will not be more popular without the development of the internet. The higher the applied Internet technology, is directly proportional to the development of web technology as well. Because of the existence of the internet like the foundation is able to make a web to walk.
Internet itself evolved early in 1970, used to be two or more computers can communicate and exchange information. At that time was the development of Internet technologies used in the armed forces of the United States. Slowly the application of the Internet penetrated into the world of education, born to continued innovation in the world of internet. One is the web technologies.
Web History
Web history, was first developed by Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee ¨ Tim, just at the time the web was still running without a connected network. Web is becoming more popular when it started terhubungan Internet network, ie at the end of the 80s. It was at the CERN laboratory is located in the city of Geneva, Switzerland stated that the web can be accessed through the network and is owned by anyone.
Historical sites also related to the historical development of computer technology. Because in the beginning was very simple web interface, only display text, and to hyperlink (link) at the time still using display number that connects from one page to another.
At that time also, web technology was developed and runs on the Unix operating system, is still very rarely use windows technology. if only there, the technology is still very simple windows.
Readmore about technology this is history about computer technology
Currently our daily lives can not be separated from the web. Even already become one of the needs that are getting information. Web that was originally alien to be heard and can only be used by users who have specific access, the current web is popular and accessible, not only in cities but also reach corners desa. But Web History begins you know?
Speaking of the history of the web, it will also offend the existence of the Internet. Both are part of interrelated and mutually supportive. Web will not be more popular without the development of the internet. The higher the applied Internet technology, is directly proportional to the development of web technology as well. Because of the existence of the internet like the foundation is able to make a web to walk.
Internet itself evolved early in 1970, used to be two or more computers can communicate and exchange information. At that time was the development of Internet technologies used in the armed forces of the United States. Slowly the application of the Internet penetrated into the world of education, born to continued innovation in the world of internet. One is the web technologies.
Web History
Web history, was first developed by Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee ¨ Tim, just at the time the web was still running without a connected network. Web is becoming more popular when it started terhubungan Internet network, ie at the end of the 80s. It was at the CERN laboratory is located in the city of Geneva, Switzerland stated that the web can be accessed through the network and is owned by anyone.
Historical sites also related to the historical development of computer technology. Because in the beginning was very simple web interface, only display text, and to hyperlink (link) at the time still using display number that connects from one page to another.
At that time also, web technology was developed and runs on the Unix operating system, is still very rarely use windows technology. if only there, the technology is still very simple windows.
Readmore about technology this is history about computer technology
History of Computer Technology
History of Computer Technology
Now the computer includes one of discovery and the rapid technological applications. Computers in its smaller and thinner, while technological sophistication, the more interest people. The fact that that characterizes the history of the development of computer technology. It can not, when discussing the historical development of computer technology, not only sheds light on how a computer to apply advanced technology but also how computers were first invented.
So when it comes to history, including the history of the development of computer technology, there are three that period of time past, time present and time future. Over the past highlights how computer technology was first created, and then into the later rounds is difficult because people do not believe, and continue to evolve with the fantastic. While the current period, discuss how computers have adopted advanced technology for various purposes. And the later period, discuss predictions that will happen with the historical development of computer technology which is based on the current technological advances. That's when we will discuss the historical development of computer technology in the world.
Starting From Simple Technology
Almost certainly, important discoveries in the world as well as computers, beginning with something simple and likely unintentional. The discovery light bulbs, aircraft engines, turbine engines, windmills, cameras and other inventions came from a simple idea. The same thing also happened with the invention of computer technology is now becoming so fierce. The computer has become master of the world can barely beat groceries. As well as groceries, computers can now be obtained in an instant, easy, and the price is getting cheaper.
Historical development of computer technology can not be separated from the name of Byron. Real name was Augusta Byron, the famous poet fruit wedding of Lord Byron and Anne Isabelle Milbanke. Born on December 10, 1815. His parents marriage ended a few months after Byron was born. Thus Byron never knew his father because his father left four months later England and died in Greece in 1823.
Of course, Anne Isabelle Milbanke did not want Byron, his son, followed his father's footsteps as a poet. Although personally, profession her husband has also catapulted the admiration not pride. That is so like already is destined, the singer did not want his son to be a singer, a trader does not always want their children to be traders. Experienced the same fate E. Rokajat Asura example, now known as a novelist, his father a merchant so the merchant would not want rather be an engineer.
Despite the wishes of the father was not accomplished, because E. Asura Rokajat hurried world attracted by the magnet authorship. Author of the novel "Tears of Heaven" is not accomplished so engineers and proudly became a writer. Similarly, the life history of Byron. Therefore in order to Byron was a poet, Anne Isabelle started giving music lessons with math and strict discipline in order to diminish the tendency poetry. From a strict lesson, Byron managed to design a flying machine based on careful calculation.
The discovery glyph itself is not carefully planned, aside from that he was happy to see the bird can fly. Mathematical sciences he knew early on, apparently helped facilitate the discovery of these flying machines. And Byron could not be separated from the history of the development of computer technology world.
Meeting with Babbage
At the age of 17 years, Byron and his mother moved to London's elite. There they met the botanist, geology, astronomy, and mathematics, other sciences experts. With the strengthening environmental education, Byron was growing. Like a blade of steel that finding a good sharpening stone, the sharper the knife anyway. The same thing happened to Byron. Intellectual ability and well-honed wit. It is very encouraging for the mother, Anne Isabelle, because then the further also the world which is now the world's cultivated Byron poet father.
In London he met Charles Babbage, Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge University. The meeting was a start of the discussion on the differential engine and engine analysis. Babbage was impressed by the ingenuity demonstrated by Byron. Thoughts that tend to stray, seems to open the valve to the discovery of something that was originally not considered good.
In 1834, Babbage had the idea to create a new kind of calculating machine. However, he had difficulty obtaining links for the first calculating machine is not finished so many people do not believe.
This new project gaining the sympathy of an Italian mathematician, Louis Menebrea, who published a paper on the analysis engine. Since then Byron and Babbage worked hard to translate his memoirs Luigi Menebrea. In addition, Byron also add a note on the method of calculation of Bernoulli. And the result is a program for Babbage's calculating machine.
What is done by Byron is the basics of programming the most essential of computer technology. Not surprising that until now Byron is known as the world's first programmer. How it works it will inspire further research and be a reference for developing computer technology. As mentioned earlier, speaking the historical development of computer technology can not be separated from the name Byron, the world's first programmer.
Byron married William King in 1835. When King received his Earl, Byron also earned the Countess of Lovelace. Since then he was known as Lovelace, thus drowning his middle name, Byron.
In subsequent developments, Lovelace also wrote about the development of computer technology, it's just not finished because the cancer eating away his body. Lovelace aka Byron died at the age of 37 years on 27 November 1852 leaving three children as well as her contribution to the world of programming. And the latter will always be remembered when anyone tries to write or discuss the historical development of computer technology.
Award for Lovelace
Gender issues make it less popular than Babbage. At that time he was known as being more authoritative. The discovery by women are not published on a large scale. In addition, the short-age makes some work is not finished. And who laid the foundations of the spirit of programming knowledge of computer technology, as has been mentioned above is Byron when engaged in the manufacture of adding machines with Babbage.
A century after his death, his notes on computers and software in his correspondence with Babbage published. In her honor, in 1980 the U.S. Department of Defense named the programming language and March 24 is celebrated as Lovelace.
From the basic thoughts or Lovelace Byron was then the historical development of computer technology is constantly evolving and growing rapidly, so it has now reached a point where the computer is perfectly magical item that has applied advanced technology advancement. Perhaps the late Byron himself never thought, that calculation-calculation when making totalizer, then will guide people to wrestle the world of programming. Unfortunately, the life of Byron was not long, so we never know what will subsequently produced from the writings and thoughts are incomplete.
Now the computer includes one of discovery and the rapid technological applications. Computers in its smaller and thinner, while technological sophistication, the more interest people. The fact that that characterizes the history of the development of computer technology. It can not, when discussing the historical development of computer technology, not only sheds light on how a computer to apply advanced technology but also how computers were first invented.
So when it comes to history, including the history of the development of computer technology, there are three that period of time past, time present and time future. Over the past highlights how computer technology was first created, and then into the later rounds is difficult because people do not believe, and continue to evolve with the fantastic. While the current period, discuss how computers have adopted advanced technology for various purposes. And the later period, discuss predictions that will happen with the historical development of computer technology which is based on the current technological advances. That's when we will discuss the historical development of computer technology in the world.
Starting From Simple Technology
Almost certainly, important discoveries in the world as well as computers, beginning with something simple and likely unintentional. The discovery light bulbs, aircraft engines, turbine engines, windmills, cameras and other inventions came from a simple idea. The same thing also happened with the invention of computer technology is now becoming so fierce. The computer has become master of the world can barely beat groceries. As well as groceries, computers can now be obtained in an instant, easy, and the price is getting cheaper.
Historical development of computer technology can not be separated from the name of Byron. Real name was Augusta Byron, the famous poet fruit wedding of Lord Byron and Anne Isabelle Milbanke. Born on December 10, 1815. His parents marriage ended a few months after Byron was born. Thus Byron never knew his father because his father left four months later England and died in Greece in 1823.
Of course, Anne Isabelle Milbanke did not want Byron, his son, followed his father's footsteps as a poet. Although personally, profession her husband has also catapulted the admiration not pride. That is so like already is destined, the singer did not want his son to be a singer, a trader does not always want their children to be traders. Experienced the same fate E. Rokajat Asura example, now known as a novelist, his father a merchant so the merchant would not want rather be an engineer.
Despite the wishes of the father was not accomplished, because E. Asura Rokajat hurried world attracted by the magnet authorship. Author of the novel "Tears of Heaven" is not accomplished so engineers and proudly became a writer. Similarly, the life history of Byron. Therefore in order to Byron was a poet, Anne Isabelle started giving music lessons with math and strict discipline in order to diminish the tendency poetry. From a strict lesson, Byron managed to design a flying machine based on careful calculation.
The discovery glyph itself is not carefully planned, aside from that he was happy to see the bird can fly. Mathematical sciences he knew early on, apparently helped facilitate the discovery of these flying machines. And Byron could not be separated from the history of the development of computer technology world.
Meeting with Babbage
At the age of 17 years, Byron and his mother moved to London's elite. There they met the botanist, geology, astronomy, and mathematics, other sciences experts. With the strengthening environmental education, Byron was growing. Like a blade of steel that finding a good sharpening stone, the sharper the knife anyway. The same thing happened to Byron. Intellectual ability and well-honed wit. It is very encouraging for the mother, Anne Isabelle, because then the further also the world which is now the world's cultivated Byron poet father.
In London he met Charles Babbage, Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge University. The meeting was a start of the discussion on the differential engine and engine analysis. Babbage was impressed by the ingenuity demonstrated by Byron. Thoughts that tend to stray, seems to open the valve to the discovery of something that was originally not considered good.
In 1834, Babbage had the idea to create a new kind of calculating machine. However, he had difficulty obtaining links for the first calculating machine is not finished so many people do not believe.
This new project gaining the sympathy of an Italian mathematician, Louis Menebrea, who published a paper on the analysis engine. Since then Byron and Babbage worked hard to translate his memoirs Luigi Menebrea. In addition, Byron also add a note on the method of calculation of Bernoulli. And the result is a program for Babbage's calculating machine.
What is done by Byron is the basics of programming the most essential of computer technology. Not surprising that until now Byron is known as the world's first programmer. How it works it will inspire further research and be a reference for developing computer technology. As mentioned earlier, speaking the historical development of computer technology can not be separated from the name Byron, the world's first programmer.
Byron married William King in 1835. When King received his Earl, Byron also earned the Countess of Lovelace. Since then he was known as Lovelace, thus drowning his middle name, Byron.
In subsequent developments, Lovelace also wrote about the development of computer technology, it's just not finished because the cancer eating away his body. Lovelace aka Byron died at the age of 37 years on 27 November 1852 leaving three children as well as her contribution to the world of programming. And the latter will always be remembered when anyone tries to write or discuss the historical development of computer technology.
Award for Lovelace
Gender issues make it less popular than Babbage. At that time he was known as being more authoritative. The discovery by women are not published on a large scale. In addition, the short-age makes some work is not finished. And who laid the foundations of the spirit of programming knowledge of computer technology, as has been mentioned above is Byron when engaged in the manufacture of adding machines with Babbage.
A century after his death, his notes on computers and software in his correspondence with Babbage published. In her honor, in 1980 the U.S. Department of Defense named the programming language and March 24 is celebrated as Lovelace.
From the basic thoughts or Lovelace Byron was then the historical development of computer technology is constantly evolving and growing rapidly, so it has now reached a point where the computer is perfectly magical item that has applied advanced technology advancement. Perhaps the late Byron himself never thought, that calculation-calculation when making totalizer, then will guide people to wrestle the world of programming. Unfortunately, the life of Byron was not long, so we never know what will subsequently produced from the writings and thoughts are incomplete.
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